水电站的监控系统主要包括水电站的测量系统、信号系统、运行系统和调节系统。我国上世纪80年代以前投产的水电站基本采用常规监测系统。常规监测系统的主要特点是测量系统、信号系统、操作系统和调节系统都是独立设置,并通过硬接线继电器逻辑器件实现。随着计算机技术的发展,我国从20世纪60年代开始探索利用计算机系统实现对水电站的监测。到80年代中后期,水电站计算机监控系统产品已投入运行。如富春江水电站多机集散控制系统于1984年投入运行,实现了计算机安全监测、事件记录和经济运行指导等重要功能。1988年,葛洲坝二江水电站计算机监测系统投入运行。目前,计算机监控系统已广泛应用于大中型水电站。计算机监控系统的主要特点是功能的高度集成度和可扩展性,硬件、软件和网络技术的不断发展,自动化程度的不断提高。水电站计算机监控系统的功能主要包括: data acquisition, data processing, operation and adjustment, data communication, clock synchronization, operation management and guidance, human-machine contact, system self-diagnosis and self-recovery, training simulation, system maintenance and software development, etc. . The structure mode of computer monitoring system of hydropower station can be divided into hierarchical distributed and centralized. Hydropower stations generally use a hierarchical distributed computer monitoring system. The system consists of the power station control level, network equipment and local control level. The centralized structure can be used for small and medium-sized hydropower stations with fewer units and smaller capacity.